STEEL ON STRUCTURES



Iron and steel are playing a main role in architecture .We can easily construct and design tall buildings like skyscrapers. After  the 20th century the evolution of steel frame construction modified the concept of the wall and the support .

STEEL SECTIONS ⛯

From beam theory we know that the I-section of the beam is efficient form for carrying both shear and bending loads . The web resist the shear force while the flanges resist the bending moment.
A beam which we can resist loads from  multiple directions and is  welded well in the joints (welded steel frames)
HSS - Hollow Structural Section is a type of metal profile with a hollow tubular cross section. This is also called as tube steel or structural steel.
there more types of steel sections 
- Channel  ([ shaped cross-section)
- Angle     (L ")
- Plate       (metal sheets thicker than 6 mm or 1/4 in)

HOW ITS MADE ⛯

To make steel we need to extract the steel from iron ore with treat of blast furnace
commonly every molten iron from the furnace used to make steel . this is not a method which we can only get steel .there are family of alloys of iron with various metals.

TIMELINE  ⛯

MILL AT DERBY(1793)
used wooden beams sheathed in iron to help fireproof the mill
DITHERINGTON FLAX MILL(1797)
became known as the first fully integrated iron-framed building
ORRELL'S MILL(1834)
the scientific lowered cost -30% and placed new importance on engineering
E.V HaughWought building (1840)
cast iron became popular in this era designed by Daniel badger




FIRST LEITER BUILDING
load bearing beams and columns which allowed for large windows in between
WAINWRIGHT BUILDING 
1st building to use all steel building frames in the U.S
METROPOLITAN LIFE TOWER
1ST buildings to use a fully integrated system
SEAGRAM BUILDING
this building articulates the structure of building externally since american building codes required that all structural steel be covered with concrete



- J Prasanna

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