BLOG 10: IMPACT OF STEEL IN ARCHITECTURE




The Industrial Revolution was a period of mass production and the development of materials. Steel material was mostly used in constructing railway stations.

 

. 

  

·       1780-1840 was the period of cast iron. In this period 30 m span arched shaped bridges were used.

·       1840-1890 was the period of wrought iron structures with a span of 100  m were used.

·       In 1797, Ditherington's Flax mill was the oldest iron frame building. The architect was Charles Bage. This is the first iron frame building, and it is the world's first skyscraper. 

 

·       In 1834, Orrell's Mill was the first building that was built with a hollow circular cross-section in its cast-iron columns.



  • In 1851, Crystal Palace was built, and the architect was Sir Joseph Paxton. It was an exhibition building which is 564 m long. It was a glass and cast iron structure. Glass sheet size was available at the time. It consists of right-angle triangles supported by a grid of cast-iron beams and columns. The building was destroyed in a fire in 1936.

 

  • The E. V. Haughwout Building is a five-story building which is located in Manhattan, New York. The building was different from other cast-iron buildings. 
  • William Lebaron built the Home insurance building in Chicago. He used metal columns and beams. The weight of the building was reduced, and it leads to the emergence of tall structures.
  • The Metropolitan Life Tower also is known as the Clock tower. Napoleon, Leburn and Sons. 
  • The three vertical stripes of windows in groups of three, without any ornamentation than four colossal 4-story high concrete clocks.

 


Steel structural members are rolled in a variety of shapes.

They are plates, angles, I beam, and U-shaped channels.

The steel material is well suitable for modern construction. Iron and steel was the most important innovation in the Industrial revolution.

They provide far stronger and tall structures and produce unsupported spans over openings and interior or exterior spaces. The evolution of steel frame construction in the 20th century entirely changed the concept of the wall and the support.

 

Steel is protected against corrosion by surface coverings, but alloys have been developed for exposed surfaces.


Anjanalakshmi M

 

 

Images sourced by the author
Image Interpreted sourced from ArchDaily: https://www.archdaily.com/200801/infographic-steel-architecture

 

. [i] http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/metropolitan-life-tower/1383[ii]

https://www.britannica.com/place/Metropolitan-Life-Insurance-Building

https://teampacesetter.com/past-present-future-steel-construction-    industry/#:~:text=Steel%20is%20the%20world's%20most,infrastructure%20are%20built%20with%20it&text=Steel's%20flexibility%20and%20versatility%20also,their%20visions%20into%20a%20reality.

 

 


 

 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Steel Erection, Fabrication and Hybrid construction -Blog 16

Image
This blog is about how the steel sections are transported to the site, the issues involved with transportation, erection and fabrication along with the onsite constrains. TRANSPORTATION: The steel sections have to transported from the manufacturing site to the fabrication site and this becomes a tough task due to their size. Often large pieces cannot be transported in a single part, they are split or divided and shipped as two separate pieces or even as one piece to avoid damage or scratches. Temporary connections are made on the pieces to avoid damage and to keep the parts in place during transportation.     These parts are not transported in normal vehicles but require long trail vehicles to fit their length and size which again becomes a difficult task to turn around the corners of the road and at junctions     FABRICATION & ON SITE CONSTRAINS: Fabrication of steel on sites which are along the main road or at the corner site is very hectic as there is very...
Read more

BLOG-16 FABRICATION, ERECTION AND HYBRID STRUCTURES

Image
  FABRICATION: The process of  steel fabrication  involves grinding, welding, cutting, bending, drilling, punching, burning or melting and other general crafting methods using various high-quality tools and CNC equipment. ERECTION LIFTING, POSITIONING AND PLACING OF STEEL MEMBERS IN A STRUCTURE  Once the member(s) are lifted and placed in the required place, with the help of temporary supports and equipment, they are fastened and fixed, depending on the nature of connection.  Erections may be achieved by two techniques such as MEWP(Mobile Elevating Work Platforms) by Mobile crane and Tower cranes. HYBRID STRUCTURES Hybrid structures are structures built with composite materials a combination of different materials with steel. A common  hybrid system  consists of hollow core slabs together with steel or cast-in-situ concrete frames                       EXAMPLE STEEL WITH TIMBER     I...
Read more

STEEL , ALLOYS AND THEIR COMPARISON

Image
BLOG- 8                                     STEEL , ALLOYS AND THEIR COMPARISON                                                               STEEL AND ALLOYS                                               An alloy is a blend consisting of metal and other elements. Alloys are generally made for achieving properties like greater strength or resistance to corrosion. Steel is an alloy of iron. It mainly consists of iron with some small amounts of carbon. Definition ALLOY :      A homogeneous mixture of a metal with other types of elements                       ...
Read more