BLOG 2- STEEL AND STEELMAKING

"STEEL AND STEELMAKING"

In today's class, we were discussing ore, minerals, alloy, metal, rock in which we were asked to match the definition with the above terms. All these terms put together as 
      "Rocks have minerals, which in large concentrations are called ores, and these are mined for metals!" 
      Then we learned the manufacturing process of steelmaking from iron.
As we know the raw materials for manufacturing steel are iron ore, coke, and limestone. Using these materials, steel is manufactured by the following processes 
 "Oxygen process" and "Electric Arc furnace"
      In the oxygen process, oxygen is let into the furnace containing raw materials with pig iron.
        In an electric arc furnace, stainless steel is produced and the carbon electrodes create a powerful electric arc that melts the metals. 
         Finally, in both these processes, byproducts such as 'sulphur' and 'silicon' are formed. Next, we were discussing the elements treated with steel to form alloys.
      The list of elements that are treated with steel is aluminum, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and tungsten. 
         -Aluminum treated with steel improves surface hardening whereas, in chromium, it improves corrosion-resistant and increases hardening.
         -In both copper and molybdenum, it improves tensile strength and corrosion-resistant.
We came across terms such as necking, elastic point, brittle stage.
      'Necking' is nothing but the signage of breaking whereas in elastic stage stress on steel gets increased. 
Steel undergoes several stages when a load acts and it can be explained by the following example, which I learned today in the session.
When a load acts in the steel rod it behaves as an elastic material. But as the load increases, the rod bends and sagging moment takes place in the rod which leads to the 'Fracture' stage.
       Moving on to the characteristics of steel, 'Hardness' is how it resists on a cross-sectional surface. The examples are diamond, concrete, and steel. The tests to check the hardness are the Rockwell hardness test, the Brinell test, and the Vicker test. For the next class, we are instructed to find out the differences in the above tests and looking forward to the next session.
To be continued.....


~Anjanalakshmi M

 

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